Netherlands Approves Tesla’s FSD System for Limited Use on Public Roads

The Netherlands has become the first country in Europe to approve Tesla’s Full Self-Driving (FSD) Supervised system for use on public roads, although only under strict conditions that require constant driver oversight.

The Dutch vehicle authority, RDW, confirmed the approval on April 10 following an 18-month testing programme involving both controlled environments and real-world road conditions.

Despite the milestone, the regulator emphasised that the system does not qualify as autonomous driving.

Driver Remains Fully Responsible

According to the RDW, Tesla’s FSD system is classified as a driver assistance feature rather than a self-driving technology. It is permitted to operate similarly to an advanced adaptive cruise control system, supporting—but not replacing—the driver.

Users must remain fully attentive at all times. While drivers are not required to keep their hands on the steering wheel continuously, they must be ready to take control instantly if needed. A driver monitoring system ensures attention is maintained, with safeguards in place to prevent distraction.

The authority made clear that activities such as reading or disengaging from the driving task are not permitted while the system is in use.

Differences Between EU and US Versions

Regulators also highlighted that the version of Tesla’s FSD system approved in Europe differs from that used in the United States. Variations in software and regulatory requirements mean the two systems are not directly comparable.

Part of a Wider Trend in Driver Assistance

The approval follows similar authorisations granted to other manufacturers. Systems such as BMW’s hands-free driving technology and Ford’s BlueCruise have already been introduced in certain European markets where regulations allow.

For now, Tesla’s system is only approved within the Netherlands. However, the decision will be submitted to the European Commission, where broader rollout across EU member states could be considered if supported by a majority.

Expert Concerns Over Driver Engagement

Industry experts have welcomed the progress but warned of potential risks. Yousif Al-Ani, principal ADAS engineer at Thatcham Research, noted that while such systems can handle extended periods of driving, they may reduce driver engagement.

He warned that regaining control quickly in critical situations can be challenging after long periods of passive monitoring, potentially creating a false sense of security.

Al-Ani also stressed that, regardless of technological capability, the driver remains legally responsible for the safe operation of the vehicle at all times.

Looking Ahead

The Netherlands’ decision marks a significant step in the evolution of driver assistance technologies in Europe. However, it also reinforces the cautious regulatory approach being taken, ensuring that safety and driver accountability remain central as automation continues to develop.